Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe
Identifieur interne : 009027 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 009026; suivant : 009028Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe
Auteurs : Greger Larson [Royaume-Uni] ; Umberto Albarella [Royaume-Uni] ; Keith Dobney [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter Rowley-Conwy [Royaume-Uni] ; Jörg Schibler [Suisse] ; Anne Tresset [France] ; Jean-Denis Vigne [France] ; Ceiridwen J. Edwards [Irlande (pays)] ; Angela Schlumbaum [Suisse] ; Alexandru Dinu [États-Unis] ; Adrian B L Çsescu [Roumanie] ; Gaynor Dolman [Australie] ; Antonio Tagliacozzo [Italie] ; Ninna Manaseryan [Arménie] ; Preston Miracle [Royaume-Uni] ; Louise Van Wijngaarden-Bakker [Pays-Bas] ; Marco Masseti [Italie] ; Daniel G. Bradley [Irlande (pays)] ; Alan Cooper [Australie]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2007.
Abstract
The Neolithic Revolution began 11,000 years ago in the Near East and preceded a westward migration into Europe of distinctive cultural groups and their agricultural economies, including domesticated animals and plants. Despite decades of research, no consensus has emerged about the extent of admixture between the indigenous and exotic populations or the degree to which the appearance of specific components of the “Neolithic cultural package” in Europe reflects truly independent development. Here, through the use of mitochondrial DNA from 323 modern and 221 ancient pig specimens sampled across western Eurasia, we demonstrate that domestic pigs of Near Eastern ancestry were definitely introduced into Europe during the Neolithic (potentially along two separate routes), reaching the Paris Basin by at least the early 4th millennium B.C. Local European wild boar were also domesticated by this time, possibly as a direct consequence of the introduction of Near Eastern domestic pigs. Once domesticated, European pigs rapidly replaced the introduced domestic pigs of Near Eastern origin throughout Europe. Domestic pigs formed a key component of the Neolithic Revolution, and this detailed genetic record of their origins reveals a complex set of interactions and processes during the spread of early farmers into Europe.
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0703411104
PubMed: 17855556
PubMed Central: 1976408
Affiliations:
- Arménie, Australie, France, Irlande (pays), Italie, Pays-Bas, Roumanie, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Hollande-Septentrionale, Latium, Wisconsin
- Amsterdam, Cambridge, Rome
- Université d'Amsterdam, Université de Cambridge
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05</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigne, Jean Denis" sort="Vigne, Jean Denis" uniqKey="Vigne J" first="Jean-Denis" last="Vigne">Jean-Denis Vigne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5197, Bâtiment 56, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5197, Bâtiment 56, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Ceiridwen J" sort="Edwards, Ceiridwen J" uniqKey="Edwards C" first="Ceiridwen J." last="Edwards">Ceiridwen J. Edwards</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Molecular Population Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Population Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlumbaum, Angela" sort="Schlumbaum, Angela" uniqKey="Schlumbaum A" first="Angela" last="Schlumbaum">Angela Schlumbaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CH-4055 Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dinu, Alexandru" sort="Dinu, Alexandru" uniqKey="Dinu A" first="Alexandru" last="Dinu">Alexandru Dinu</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, 5240 Social Science Building, Madison, WI 53706;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, 5240 Social Science Building, Madison</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B L Csescu, Adrian" sort="B L Csescu, Adrian" uniqKey="B L Csescu A" first="Adrian" last="B L Çsescu">Adrian B L Çsescu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, Romania;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30026 Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolman, Gaynor" sort="Dolman, Gaynor" uniqKey="Dolman G" first="Gaynor" last="Dolman">Gaynor Dolman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagliacozzo, Antonio" sort="Tagliacozzo, Antonio" uniqKey="Tagliacozzo A" first="Antonio" last="Tagliacozzo">Antonio Tagliacozzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico L. Pigorini, Sezione di Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, Piazzale G. Marconi 14, 00144 Rome, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico L. Pigorini, Sezione di Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, Piazzale G. Marconi 14, 00144 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manaseryan, Ninna" sort="Manaseryan, Ninna" uniqKey="Manaseryan N" first="Ninna" last="Manaseryan">Ninna Manaseryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 7, Sevag str, Yerevan 375014, Armenia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 7, Sevag str, Yerevan 375014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yerevan 375014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miracle, Preston" sort="Miracle, Preston" uniqKey="Miracle P" first="Preston" last="Miracle">Preston Miracle</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wijngaarden Bakker, Louise" sort="Van Wijngaarden Bakker, Louise" uniqKey="Van Wijngaarden Bakker L" first="Louise" last="Van Wijngaarden-Bakker">Louise Van Wijngaarden-Bakker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff13">Amsterdam Archaeological Center, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 9, 1012 XT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Archaeological Center, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 9, 1012 XT, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masseti, Marco" sort="Masseti, Marco" uniqKey="Masseti M" first="Marco" last="Masseti">Marco Masseti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica “Leo Pardi” dell'Università di Firenze, Laboratori di Antropologia, 50121 Firenze, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica “Leo Pardi” dell'Università di Firenze, Laboratori di Antropologia, 50121 Firenze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>50121 Firenze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradley, Daniel G" sort="Bradley, Daniel G" uniqKey="Bradley D" first="Daniel G." last="Bradley">Daniel G. 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Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3L</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Durham DH1 3L</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albarella, Umberto" sort="Albarella, Umberto" uniqKey="Albarella U" first="Umberto" last="Albarella">Umberto Albarella</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S1 4ET, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S1 4ET</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Sheffield S1 4ET</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dobney, Keith" sort="Dobney, Keith" uniqKey="Dobney K" first="Keith" last="Dobney">Keith Dobney</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3L, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3L</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Durham DH1 3L</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowley Conwy, Peter" sort="Rowley Conwy, Peter" uniqKey="Rowley Conwy P" first="Peter" last="Rowley-Conwy">Peter Rowley-Conwy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3L, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3L</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Durham DH1 3L</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schibler, Jorg" sort="Schibler, Jorg" uniqKey="Schibler J" first="Jörg" last="Schibler">Jörg Schibler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CH-4055 Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tresset, Anne" sort="Tresset, Anne" uniqKey="Tresset A" first="Anne" last="Tresset">Anne Tresset</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5197, Bâtiment 56, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5197, Bâtiment 56, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vigne, Jean Denis" sort="Vigne, Jean Denis" uniqKey="Vigne J" first="Jean-Denis" last="Vigne">Jean-Denis Vigne</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5197, Bâtiment 56, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Biodiversity Management, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5197, Bâtiment 56, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>75231 Paris Cedex 05</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Ceiridwen J" sort="Edwards, Ceiridwen J" uniqKey="Edwards C" first="Ceiridwen J." last="Edwards">Ceiridwen J. Edwards</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Molecular Population Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Population Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schlumbaum, Angela" sort="Schlumbaum, Angela" uniqKey="Schlumbaum A" first="Angela" last="Schlumbaum">Angela Schlumbaum</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CH-4055 Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dinu, Alexandru" sort="Dinu, Alexandru" uniqKey="Dinu A" first="Alexandru" last="Dinu">Alexandru Dinu</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, 5240 Social Science Building, Madison, WI 53706;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Wisconsin</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, 1180 Observatory Drive, 5240 Social Science Building, Madison</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="B L Csescu, Adrian" sort="B L Csescu, Adrian" uniqKey="B L Csescu A" first="Adrian" last="B L Çsescu">Adrian B L Çsescu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, Romania;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Roumanie</country><wicri:regionArea>National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>30026 Bucharest</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dolman, Gaynor" sort="Dolman, Gaynor" uniqKey="Dolman G" first="Gaynor" last="Dolman">Gaynor Dolman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tagliacozzo, Antonio" sort="Tagliacozzo, Antonio" uniqKey="Tagliacozzo A" first="Antonio" last="Tagliacozzo">Antonio Tagliacozzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico L. Pigorini, Sezione di Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, Piazzale G. Marconi 14, 00144 Rome, Italy;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Soprintendenza Speciale al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico L. Pigorini, Sezione di Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, Piazzale G. Marconi 14, 00144 Rome</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rome</settlement><region nuts="2">Latium</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manaseryan, Ninna" sort="Manaseryan, Ninna" uniqKey="Manaseryan N" first="Ninna" last="Manaseryan">Ninna Manaseryan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 7, Sevag str, Yerevan 375014, Armenia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 7, Sevag str, Yerevan 375014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Yerevan 375014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miracle, Preston" sort="Miracle, Preston" uniqKey="Miracle P" first="Preston" last="Miracle">Preston Miracle</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Wijngaarden Bakker, Louise" sort="Van Wijngaarden Bakker, Louise" uniqKey="Van Wijngaarden Bakker L" first="Louise" last="Van Wijngaarden-Bakker">Louise Van Wijngaarden-Bakker</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff13">Amsterdam Archaeological Center, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 9, 1012 XT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Amsterdam Archaeological Center, University of Amsterdam, Turfdraagsterpad 9, 1012 XT, Amsterdam</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Hollande-Septentrionale</region><settlement type="city">Amsterdam</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Amsterdam</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Masseti, Marco" sort="Masseti, Marco" uniqKey="Masseti M" first="Marco" last="Masseti">Marco Masseti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica “Leo Pardi” dell'Università di Firenze, Laboratori di Antropologia, 50121 Firenze, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica “Leo Pardi” dell'Università di Firenze, Laboratori di Antropologia, 50121 Firenze</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>50121 Firenze</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradley, Daniel G" sort="Bradley, Daniel G" uniqKey="Bradley D" first="Daniel G." last="Bradley">Daniel G. Bradley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Molecular Population Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Molecular Population Genetics, Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dublin 2</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Neolithic Revolution began 11,000 years ago in the Near East and preceded a westward migration into Europe of distinctive cultural groups and their agricultural economies, including domesticated animals and plants. Despite decades of research, no consensus has emerged about the extent of admixture between the indigenous and exotic populations or the degree to which the appearance of specific components of the “Neolithic cultural package” in Europe reflects truly independent development. Here, through the use of mitochondrial DNA from 323 modern and 221 ancient pig specimens sampled across western Eurasia, we demonstrate that domestic pigs of Near Eastern ancestry were definitely introduced into Europe during the Neolithic (potentially along two separate routes), reaching the Paris Basin by at least the early 4th millennium B.C. Local European wild boar were also domesticated by this time, possibly as a direct consequence of the introduction of Near Eastern domestic pigs. Once domesticated, European pigs rapidly replaced the introduced domestic pigs of Near Eastern origin throughout Europe. Domestic pigs formed a key component of the Neolithic Revolution, and this detailed genetic record of their origins reveals a complex set of interactions and processes during the spread of early farmers into Europe.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Arménie</li><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Irlande (pays)</li><li>Italie</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Roumanie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Hollande-Septentrionale</li><li>Latium</li><li>Wisconsin</li></region><settlement><li>Amsterdam</li><li>Cambridge</li><li>Rome</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université d'Amsterdam</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Larson, Greger" sort="Larson, Greger" uniqKey="Larson G" first="Greger" last="Larson">Greger Larson</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Albarella, Umberto" sort="Albarella, Umberto" uniqKey="Albarella U" first="Umberto" last="Albarella">Umberto Albarella</name><name sortKey="Dobney, Keith" sort="Dobney, Keith" uniqKey="Dobney K" first="Keith" last="Dobney">Keith Dobney</name><name sortKey="Larson, Greger" sort="Larson, Greger" uniqKey="Larson G" first="Greger" last="Larson">Greger Larson</name><name sortKey="Miracle, Preston" sort="Miracle, Preston" uniqKey="Miracle P" first="Preston" last="Miracle">Preston Miracle</name><name sortKey="Rowley Conwy, Peter" sort="Rowley Conwy, Peter" uniqKey="Rowley Conwy P" first="Peter" last="Rowley-Conwy">Peter Rowley-Conwy</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Schibler, Jorg" sort="Schibler, Jorg" uniqKey="Schibler J" first="Jörg" last="Schibler">Jörg Schibler</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Schlumbaum, Angela" sort="Schlumbaum, Angela" uniqKey="Schlumbaum A" first="Angela" last="Schlumbaum">Angela Schlumbaum</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Tresset, Anne" sort="Tresset, Anne" uniqKey="Tresset A" first="Anne" last="Tresset">Anne Tresset</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Vigne, Jean Denis" sort="Vigne, Jean Denis" uniqKey="Vigne J" first="Jean-Denis" last="Vigne">Jean-Denis Vigne</name></country><country name="Irlande (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Edwards, Ceiridwen J" sort="Edwards, Ceiridwen J" uniqKey="Edwards C" first="Ceiridwen J." last="Edwards">Ceiridwen J. Edwards</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bradley, Daniel G" sort="Bradley, Daniel G" uniqKey="Bradley D" first="Daniel G." last="Bradley">Daniel G. Bradley</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Wisconsin"><name sortKey="Dinu, Alexandru" sort="Dinu, Alexandru" uniqKey="Dinu A" first="Alexandru" last="Dinu">Alexandru Dinu</name></region></country><country name="Roumanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="B L Csescu, Adrian" sort="B L Csescu, Adrian" uniqKey="B L Csescu A" first="Adrian" last="B L Çsescu">Adrian B L Çsescu</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Dolman, Gaynor" sort="Dolman, Gaynor" uniqKey="Dolman G" first="Gaynor" last="Dolman">Gaynor Dolman</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cooper, Alan" sort="Cooper, Alan" uniqKey="Cooper A" first="Alan" last="Cooper">Alan Cooper</name></country><country name="Italie"><region name="Latium"><name sortKey="Tagliacozzo, Antonio" sort="Tagliacozzo, Antonio" uniqKey="Tagliacozzo A" first="Antonio" last="Tagliacozzo">Antonio Tagliacozzo</name></region><name sortKey="Masseti, Marco" sort="Masseti, Marco" uniqKey="Masseti M" first="Marco" last="Masseti">Marco Masseti</name></country><country name="Arménie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Manaseryan, Ninna" sort="Manaseryan, Ninna" uniqKey="Manaseryan N" first="Ninna" last="Manaseryan">Ninna Manaseryan</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Hollande-Septentrionale"><name sortKey="Van Wijngaarden Bakker, Louise" sort="Van Wijngaarden Bakker, Louise" uniqKey="Van Wijngaarden Bakker L" first="Louise" last="Van Wijngaarden-Bakker">Louise Van Wijngaarden-Bakker</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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